Document Object Model

Designing so that people with disabilities can use a thing, and the standards that make it checkable.

Attributes that describe roles, states, and relationships to assistive technology when HTML cannot.

The HTML attribute that makes an element directly editable, and the surface behind most rich-text editors.

Injecting attacker-controlled script into a page that a victim's browser then executes with the victim's own privileges.

Deliberately controlling which element receives keyboard focus as an interface changes.

Confining keyboard focus inside a modal surface so it cannot wander behind it.

Attaching client-side behavior to server-rendered markup without rebuilding it.

Making every interactive affordance reachable and operable without a pointer.

Rendering an element into a different part of the document than its logical parent.

Building so the core experience works without scripts, with richer behavior layered on top.

Using elements for their meaning, so the document conveys structure without extra description.

A background script the browser runs between a page and the network, able to intercept requests even when no page is open.

An encapsulated DOM subtree whose styles and structure are isolated from the rest of the page.

The nested coordinate system that decides what paints above what, and why z-index often does nothing.

An in-memory representation of the UI that a framework diffs against the previous version to compute minimal real DOM updates.

A set of browser-native APIs for building reusable, encapsulated HTML elements without a framework.

A background thread for running JavaScript off the main thread, with no access to the DOM.